. ? , .
, .py .
, . , , , .
, . . , .
(__.py ):
import sys
print(' :')
for in sys.argv:
print()
print('\n\n', sys.path, '\n')
:
$ python __.py
# .
:
__.py
['/tmp/py',
# ,
# ,
'/Library/Python/3.14/site-packages',
'/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages']
, import sys . , . sys (system) .
import sys , sys . , , .
, , sys.path . , , . .
sys argv , sys.argv. sys . , argv .
sys.argv ( ). , sys.argv , .
, .
, python __.py , __.py python . , . , sys.argv .
, sys.argv . , sys.argv[0] '__.py', sys.argv[1] '', sys.argv[2] '' sys.argv[3] '' . 1- 0- .
sys.path . sys.path - , PYTHONPATH . , sys.path . , sys.path .
. import os; print(os.getcwd()) .
- .pyc
, . , .pyc - .pyc . <script> ( ?). - , . , - .
: .pyc , .py . , .pyc .
from..import
( sys. ), argv , from sys import argv .
: ,
from..import , import . , , .
:
from math import sqrt
print("Square root of 16 is", sqrt(16))
__name__
, . . , , . , __name__ . __name__ .
(__.py ):
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(' ')
else:
print(' ')
:
$ python __.py
$ python
>>> import __
>>>
__name__ . '__main__' , , .
, ! , . .py . .
(.py ):
def _():
print(', .')
__version__ = '.1'
. , . .
, sys.path .
(_.py ):
import
._()
print('', .__version__)
:
$ python _.py
, .
.1
. , , '' . , .
from..import (_2.py ):
from import _, __version__
_()
print('', __version__)
_2.py _.py .
- __version__ , . . , , import .
:
from import *
_ , __version__ .
:
import * from import *.
" " .
import this.
dir
dir() , .
, , .
. , . , .
:
$ python
>>> import sys
# get names of attributes in sys module
>>> dir(sys)
['__displayhook__', '__doc__',
'argv', 'builtin_module_names',
'version', 'version_info']
# only few entries shown here
# get names of attributes for current module
>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__',
'__name__', '__package__', 'sys']
# create a new variable ''
>>> = 5
>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'sys', '']
# delete/remove a name
>>> del
>>> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'sys']
, sys dir . .
, dir . , . .
dir , . dir , . del / , dir .
del : / . del , - .
dir() . , str() dir(str) .
vars() , .
, . . . ? .
, , __init__.py , .
'' , '', '' , '', '' .
:
- <sys.path >/
- /
- __init__.py
- /
- __init__.py
- /
- __init__.py
- .py
- /
- __init__.py
- /
- __init__.py
- .py
. .
, . . , .
.
, .